Showing posts with label Chaitali Sengupta. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Chaitali Sengupta. Show all posts

Review: Subliminal, how simple experiences grow in meaning

Book: Subliminal

Poet: Radha Chakravarty

Published by: Hawakal Publishers

ISBN: 978-8119858316

Radha Chakravarty’s debut poetry collection, Subliminal, invites readers into a world where the small and seemingly mundane objects of life are infused with profound meaning. It examines, with keen attention, the routine and minutiae of everyday life, bringing to our notice what is often overlooked. Her introspective style allows for a delicate exploration of personal experiences, nudging us to find the beauty and complexity hidden in the mundane.

“With invisible hypnotic force,

Like Pied Piper’s magic flute,

They draw us to the glittering river’s edge

Where illusion beckons and lures us in,

Until, entranced, we take the plunge

And drown in the depths our own desire.”

Radha Chakravarty

These lines from the title poem Subliminal (Hawakal Publishers), tucked in the middle of the book, capture the essence of the collection: the poet encourages us to look beyond appearances and delve into the depths of our core. While the poems can be read easily in one sitting, returning to them allows readers to appreciate their ambiguity and engage more deeply with their layered meanings.

The poems in this collection highlight the contrast between surface impressions and the underlying truths that lie beneath. The theme of appearance versus reality recurs throughout her poems as we journey through the pages of her book. It is clear from the very first poem Memories of Loss where the poet reflects on beautiful moments that conceal deeper, painful stories.

“In the hiss of logs in fire,

The sighing of wood in vanished trees

In the butterfly’s bold, bright wings,

The trace of silken cocoon dreams

In the cracked, patched earth,

The yearning for a lost monsoon.’

Chaitali Sengupta

Chakravarty's collection is rich with women-centred poems that explore themes of voice, freedom, body, and desire. Poems like Designs in Kantha, River/Woman, That Girl, The Homecoming delve into the legacies of our foremothers, the ‘rustle’ of their ‘sari aanchal, whispering a lifetime of stories, entwined in the still shining threads.’ (Legacy) The poems subtly reveal the profundity hidden in the seemingly banal and ubiquitous scenes of everyday life for traditional Bengali women.

In her poem The Casket of Secret Stories, Chakravarty conjures the image of quintessential Bengali women who hold the paaner bata-bell metal casket, once filled with their grandmother's gossip—spicy rumors of desire, heartbreak, longing, and loss. This casket contained rolled lime-smeared paan, betel leaf flavored with supuri, lavanga, elaach, and sometimes a dash of dokta, forbidden tobacco laden with sin. The poem captures a mouthwatering ritual, a daily rite of chewing with relish upon the secret morsels of women's inner lives, revealing the rich tapestry of their experiences and emotions. Through her nuanced observations, Chakravarty transforms ordinary moments into reflections of strength, resilience, and rich emotional landscapes. The lines from Designs in Kantha bear witness to this.

‘Years of laughter, heartache, bliss,

Tears and yearning, rage, despair-

worked by artful needle into

guileless fictions of innocence,

Pure and tender baby love.’

In this beautiful collection, Chakravarty delves into the lives of women from Indian mythology, creating some of her most powerful poems. Her tone is nostalgic, yet the figures of Ahalya, Sita, and Khana—the legendary Bengali woman astrologer—are portrayed with strength, resilience, and an astonishing spirit. In her poem, Ahalya’s Awakening Ahalya reflects poignantly, saying,

‘No one heard my silent screams.

None heeded my wordless plea

when I tried to set the story right.

Year after year, age after age,

with the patience of a rock, I waited...

But only to find that for women,

even in this new, fast-advancing world,

not much has really changed.’

These lines compel us to pause and recognize that, even today, women are often still expected to serve as faceless support. Chakravarty’s lines invite us to reflect inward and compel us to consider the ongoing struggles that women still endure for recognition and identity, challenging us to confront these enduring inequalities.

One of the most intriguing aspects of her book is her experimentation with challenging poetic forms, including Fibonacci poems, Skinnies, and sonnets.

The themes of displacement, violence, and loss resonate deeply in Chakravarty's work. She crafts a poignant narrative about relocation after partition of India and the intense yearning for belonging in poems like Borderlines and Refugee. Through her evocative rhymes, she explores the complex emotional experiences of those uprooted from their homes, navigating the intricate landscape of identity and longing for a sense of home. Here are a few lines from her poem Borderlines-

‘Now, barbed wire cuts the land

In two, splicing lives and loves, tearing

Memories into shreds of pain.

Where grass once grew, hate has taken root,

The green earth stained red with rage and blood.’

In contrast to such distress and disconnection, Chakravarty longs for peace ‘that descends with a sudden shower of rain, greening the earth after a drought. (Peace Process, reminding us of Tagore's timeless lines from his song Borisho Dhora Majhe Santiro Bani. She describes a peace that arrives unexpectedly, amidst ‘the noise and bustle, sweat and blood, wear and tear of everyday lives.’ This yearning captures her desire for tranquillity to break through the chaos of existence, the rising hatred dividing humanity and nations.

Poems like Pandemic in Delhi, Another Exodus, 2020 and Message in a Bottle are crafted during the bleak period of COVID-19, reflecting the harsh realities of that time. Through their poignant imagery and themes, these works capture the feelings of isolation, loss, and uncertainty that permeated daily life during the pandemic, offering a profound commentary on the struggles faced by individuals and communities.

Chakravarty’s simple words make her poetry accessible to all readers. Her remarkable collection gently studies how simple experiences grow in meaning.


Bio Note: Chaitali Sengupta writes and translates fiction, poetry, non-fiction. Her latest book “The Crossings-poems on war, migration & survival received Runners-Up award in the London Book Festival 2024. She earned the ‘Honourable Mention’ award at the New England Book Festival (2021) for her debut prose poems collection, “Cross Stitched Words,”. Her expertise in translation is evident in her notable work, “Timeless Tales in Translation,” which received the special jury award at the Panorama International Literature Festival (2023) & Suprabha & Santiranjan Sengupta award (2024).

A review of Legends Speak: Bengali Women’s Narratives in Translation

Legends Speak: Bengali Women’s Narratives in Translation

Translators: Amita Ray, Chaitali Sengupta, Lopamudra Banerjee
ISBN: 978-93-90873-62-3 (Paperback)
Edition: 2022
Price:  550.
Publisher: Avenel Press.

Reviewed by: Sutanuka Ghosh Roy

        Throughout the centuries women’s voices have been muted. Women were/are considered to be the epitome of sacrifice and posited by society as carriers and preservers of culture and tradition and expected to bear the cross silently for ‘motherhood’ and ‘nationhood’. When women started speaking for themselves they were ‘labelled’. When they did start writing their writings were put into ‘brackets’. The Bengali women writers are no exception. In their writings, they have pointed out how society has failed to give them what they deserve.

       Three contemporary translators Amita Ray, Chaitali Sengupta, and Lopamudra Banerjee across three continents have successfully put in their efforts to represent Bengali women’s creative fiction straddling a wide-ranging trajectory from the colonial period and thereafter contemporary times. The translators have selected novellas written by Swarnakumari Devi (1855-1932) Ashapurna Devi (1909-1995) and Suchitra Bhattacharya (1950-2015). “The novella, as a literary genre, can be positioned mid-way between the concise short story and the expansive novel. The novella therefore can be described as a literary sub-genre, which borrows its structural uniqueness by combining the precision of short stories and the novel” writes Sanjukta Dasgupta in the Foreword of the book.

      Swarnakumari Devi’s Chinna Mukul—The Uprooted Blossom was published in 1879. Chaitali Sengupta has translated the multi-textured narrative with grace and ├йlan. The story is about Kanak and her failed love for Hirankumar, a deputy Magistrate in Alipore Court. The plot is intriguing and full of twists and turns and keeps the readers glued to the last. The prose is gender-neutral there are no feminine effusions or emotions or use of proverbs or sentiments that are womanish. This shows the contemporaneity of the novella. The Clarion stated, “Remarkable for the picture of Hindu life, the story is overshadowed by the personality of the authoress, one of the foremost Bengali writers today.” (36, Thakhurbarir Andarmahal). Sengupta has succeeded in retaining the fervour and essence of the original writing. The novella laced with humour and wit makes strong jibes against systematic patriarchy with light-footed ease. Swarnakumari did not show any self-conscious cultural project to situate the historically and culturally grounded feminist concerns. But in Chinna Mukul, she raised questions that foreshadowed the future intellectual and political constructions of Indian feminism.

        The next translated novella Nachhor was written by Ashapurna Devi in the 1960s. It was later published in her collection of novels titled Shreshthya Panchti Upanayash. Nacchor translated into English effortlessly by Lopamudra Banerjee as The Incorrigible chronicles the emotional journey of Neera as she juggles between her marital life with Biram and her childhood love Kunal. Neera could never muster courage enough to proclaim her love for Kunal and lived on with the emotional baggage. The author deftly points out how Neera/(woman) is/are tamed into being the right fit for her family and society at large. Ashapurna had a keen eye for understanding the psyche of women and in a way, she was a game-changer and subverted the stereotype of the Bengali woman and portrayed her in a new light.

          Ace translator Amita Ray has translated Suchitra Bhattacharya’s novella Shunya thekhe Shunya published in 2010. Shunya thekhe ShunyaThe Void captures the essence and change in Bengali society over three generations. The little world of Bandana her son Sagnik, the new-age daughter-in-law Riya, and her grandson Rwik are painted in subtle deft strokes by the author. After her husband’s demise the world changed for Bandana and the void was a permanent one. Perhaps in the modern world, one has to live with fissures and voids. The story ends; it begins where it ends. Suchitra’s penchant for allowing her readers to find a reflection of themselves in her works and her beguiling presence in the novella makes her a favourite among her readers.

         Legends Speak resonates with feminine voices of resistance and resilience though they were written at different points in time. One can feel the pulsating grains of history laid across the pages of these three novellas. Conventional values of traditional Bengali society are closely interrogated as part of the reaction to changes brought about by the changing times. The readers are implicated in the novellas, which brings to the surface questions around where lie the boundaries beyond which women are condemned of transgression; in the private moments when they desire. When their desires burst male hegemony? When they are resolute and unabashed in their word? When their roars threaten age-old notions of middle-class Bengali sophistication? A volley of nuanced questions makes these novellas resonate across class, gender, and cultural contexts.

       Legends Speak (Bengali Women’s Narratives In Translation) evokes an intimate feminine space by revealing the truth one a woman’s stories lies in the plunge that these translators take while sharing them, in the intimate acts of transfer the readers are enriched, it is a collection where women (original writers and translators) wear themselves and the volume is bound to attract and connect global impulses of feminine voices.

Works Cited: Deb, Chitra, Thakhurbarir Andarmahal., Kolkata: Ananda Publishers, 1983. Print.


Bio: Sutanuka Ghosh Roy is an Associate Professor of English, at Tarakeswar Degree College, The University of Burdwan. The titles of her books are Critical Inquiry: Text, Context, and Perspectives, Commentaries: Elucidating Poetry, Rassundari Dasi’s Amar Jiban: A Comprehensive Study, Ashprishya (translated into Bengali, a novel by Sharan Kumar Limbale,). She is also a reviewer, a poet, and a critic. 

Delightfully evocative tale of love, loss, and longing

Book: The Bard & His sister-in-law
Author: Late Mallika Sengupta
Translator: Lopamudra Banerjee
Published by: Black Eagle Books
ISBN: B0CGMG6WHF

 

Late Mallika Sengupta’s ‘Kobir Bouthan’ (tr. The Bard and His sister-in-law by Lopamudra Banerjee, published by Black eagle Books, USA) is an extensively researched work where the author has depicted the pioneering efforts of the Tagore family members in enriching Bengali life, culture, and literature. It is a gracious and acute chronicling of the illustrious Tagore clan, replete with high politics, romance, tragedy, and endurance of its unforgettable members. The chemistry between the principal characters, the ease with which they could intermingle even in those conservative times, is indeed fascinating. Sengupta has done an immense amount of research to flesh out the characters- both men and women. Even the lesser known members of the family have been etched out beautifully and provides interesting details about both their lives and times. Theirs was a family synonymous with wealth, fame, and glamour, but it has also had its shares of scandals.

Chaitali Sengupta
In her foreword Dr. Sanjukta Dasgupta notes: “...despite the use of the singular in the title, ‘sister-in-law’, the young Rabindranath Tagore who was blossoming into a phenomenal creative writer, had in fact two sisters-in-law vying for his complete attention. Young Rabi was irresistibly handsome and extremely talented. Young women, including white British teenagers were attracted to him instantaneously. Yet as time evolved, Rabindranath increasingly expressed a passionate and intense love for his younger sister-in-law Kadambari. This aroused the wrath of his elder sister-in-law, Gyanadanandini.”

 It is indeed true, that one significant aspect of Tagore's life that often piques curiosity is his relationship with Kadambari Devi, who served as his muse and played an influential role in shaping his poetic journey. Kadambari was not only Rabindranath's sister-in-law but also a source of inspiration for his creative endeavors. Their bond went beyond familial ties and ventured into the realm of artistic companionship. Despite the opposition of Satyendranath and his wife Gyanadanandini, Kadambari “stepped inside the illustrious mansion of the Thakurbari, decked up in a vermillion-red cheli, adorned with heavy jewels” [Page 65] as the wife of Gyanada’s favourite brother in-law, the handsome, intellectual, prince-like Jyotirindranath. Both she and her husband believed that Kadambari could “never be a good match for Jyoti in any respect.” [Page 65] This antagonism in the heart of the feisty Gyanada only increased as time went by. Kadambari, the young bride, however enamoured Jyotirindranath with her dusky, beautiful looks. When her grooming started, it was discovered that she was quite a “diligent and meritorious student” and soon transformed into “a mature, intelligent bride of the Thakurbari. With her natural housekeeping, culinary skills, and her intelligence, she won the hearts of not only the boys including Rabi, but also the women of the household.” [Page 69]

Lopamudra Bannerjee

            Slowly, with the passage of time, the new bride forged a deep connection both with Rabi and Jyoti, much to Gyanada’s frustration. Her bond with the young Rabi was filled with mutual admiration and intellectual stimulation. As time went by, young Rabi’s heart craved for affection and appreciation from her, “the dearest person in his life”: “And the woman who has crept in my very being, making my life miserable is nobody’s wife, nobody’s sister-in-law. That mysterious woman is Hecate Thakrun. She is the Beatrice of my poetry.” [Page 216] She was his muse, while in Kadambari’s eyes he was “still an uninitiated teenager.” It was her husband who “occupied her entire heart as her man, her Lord.”

And so, when her husband abandoned her, and ran away to the other woman Binodini, the actress, childless and alone, Kadambari felt herself to be a “discarded, neglected wife.” From here on, Kadambari’s descent into devastating emptiness as she found herself trapped within the four walls of the Jorasanko mansion that forced her to confront her ghosts and the loss of her own identity wrenches our heart. Through her eyes, we see the cloistered, confined and almost invisible andarmahal of Tagore women. The point where she discovered Binodini’s letter informing Jyoti that within her “there is a tiny seed of yours that is growing slowly, gradually”, spells doom for Kadambari. It is the moment of her confrontation with her own infertility, her failure as a woman and wife.  

            It is believed that Kadambari's unfortunate suicide had a profound impact on Tagore's poetry, leading to introspection and exploration of themes such as love, loss, and longing. It not only influenced Rabindranath personally but also shaped his artistic expression. It added layers of complexity to his works, making them resonate with readers on a deeper level.

This ‘translation cum transcreation’, carefully done by competent translator Lopamudra Banerjee is valuable both for its impeccable research, content, and subject. You read it because you’re interested in the lives and times of the Tagores. You read it also because this book gives a comprehensive look at the complicated yet interesting relationship between the main characters. The subject matter is alluring and that itself is another incentive to delve deep into this book. The appeal of this book also lies in the way it traces the rich cultural history, drawing it from documents, letters, and memoirs.

Here is also a translated work where you feel more than you read because Sengupta is a master at capturing human emotions. Her writing is suffused with astute observation and relentless reflections on the protagonists. With her thoughtful, intimate prose, she focuses more on the complex, challenging lives of the Tagore women. Lopamudra’s translation is a fascinating read and does full justice to the award winning work by late Mallika Sengupta.
***

Bio-Note: Chaitali Sengupta is an accomplished writer and translator, skilled in crafting fiction, poetry, and non-fiction. Her latest book “The Crossing-poems on war, migration & survival has received critical acclaim by poetry press in the Netherlands. She garnered recognition for her debut collection of prose poems, “Cross Stitched Words,” which earned the ‘Honorable Mention’ award at the New England Book Festival in 2021. Her expertise in translation is evident in her notable work, “Timeless Tales in Translation,” which received the special jury award at the Panorama International Literature Festival in 2023. With three translation books to her name, Chaitali has been a consistent contributor to both online and print media.


Bereaved words, discarded metaphors

Chaitali Sengupta
Sometimes, a few drops of ink, 
create words,
falling in a soothing rhythm,
the ups and the downs,
in a beautiful dance,
of resisting and giving in,
of grasping and releasing,
of dissolving and merging,
of holding each thought
like the newborn drop of rain.
 
And, sometimes, 
the thoughts are like open wounds,
no, they have no words.
Only letters, on their way to self-destruction...
Just like a heap of promises, never kept.
I slay those, my eyes glittering with contempt.
They witness moments, I’d rather not talk about!

The bereaved words, discarded metaphors,
curve around my throat.
I do have a muted longing for them,
But for now, I swallow them down,
and tell my microscopic mind,
I’ll grab them some other day,
when I want to raise a storm in a teacup.
Today, I allow only words...
those politically correct words.
***

Timeless Tales in Translation by Chaitali Sengupta

Book Review: Lopa Banerjee


Timeless Tales in Translation

Author: Chaitali Sengupta

Publisher:  Books
Year of Publication: 2022
ISBN-10: ‎ 1645603288
ISBN-13: ‎ 978-1645603283

 

“Translation is not a matter of words only: it is a matter of making intelligible a whole culture.”

– Anthony Burgess

 

While embarking on a journey of both reading and internalizing classic texts in translation, which attempts to bridge the gap between languages, cultures, continents, I have been always intrigued to know the literary or metaphorical truths that an author intends to depict in his literary work. Can a translator really transcribe those truths while translating the aforesaid work from the source language has been a quest for me as a reader always. Also, while translating Indian literature into English, is it possible to recreate the particulars of the eastern/oriental culture and environment and portray those nuances in English?

As I started flipping through the pages of ‘Timeless Tales of Translation: A Representative Anthology of Bengali and Hindi Short Stories’ penned by prolific poet, author, translator Chaitali Sengupta from Netherlands, these questions kept brimming in my inquisitive mind. All the stories translated in the collection have been penned during the very critical chronological time-frame of the colonial regime (from the mid-nineteenth century till the mid 1950’s) of India. In the foreword to this meticulously presented collection of translated classic tales, quite aptly named ‘Timeless Tales in Translation’, Dr. Sanjukta Dasgupta, author, poet and renowned scholar points out very significantly:

“All the stories selected foreground certain timeless, universal emotions, feelings, sentiments, love…empathy and transcendence…Despite the problems that are embedded within translation practices, it is translation as cultural transfer that sensitizes the world about cultural diversity.”

While Sengupta, in her choice of translated stories in a chronological time-frame, presents a rich assortment of the most delectable short fiction by some of the stalwarts in Bengali, Hindi/Urdu literature, presented in her impeccable English translation, in each story, her effortless transcreation of the original author’s tale has brought me close to the truth that in literature, it is the transcribing of the emotions, the act of recreating truths, recreating human experiences that matter and make the difference. The choice of stories in the collection, ranging from the little boy’s revelation of the metaphorical realities of the natural world in Rabindranath Tagore’s ‘Bolai’ to the feisty teenager Ramlal’s juvenile world and his relationship with Narayani, his elder sister-in-law in Sarat Chandra’s ‘Ramlal’s Transformation’ to the vagaries of the strife-ridden postmodern world in Sadat Hasan Manto’s ‘Ten Rupees’, represent the translator’s intense penchant for the multi-layered human emotions and their depiction that transcend geographical and cultural barriers and come out, shining with universal resonance with her skillful use of language, idioms and metaphors.

Sengupta’s excellent craftsmanship in language includes this brilliant excerpt from Rabindranath Tagore’s story ‘Subha’ where she describes the inner world of sheer beauty of the mute girl Subha:

“On a deep full-moon night, she would open the doors of her bedroom, looking out with fearful eyes. Nature, bathed in full moon light, as lonely as Subha, sat awake, looking down at the sleepy earth below…The mute girl stood in silence at the fringes of Nature’s world and she felt troubled.”

The evolution of the existential crisis of human life that Sengupta unfolds dexterously through her choice of one story after the other comes to a full circle in her translation of Saadat Hasan Manto’s story ‘Ten Rupees’, where the murky urban world of prostitution defines the journey of the young female protagonist, Sarita, along with the ironic twist of a ten rupee note.

“She wondered what the man would be like and where he would take her, hoping that the car ride should not be too short that they reach the hotel sooner than imagined. Then, inside the room, the man would start drinking and she’d feel suffocated to be there. She hated to be inside closed hotel rooms, where in the twin iron beds, she was not free to court sleep.”

The most striking fact about this extremely relevant collection of translated stories is that in it, the dark, somber universal emotions like those depicted in ‘Ten Rupees’ are pitted against the use of light humor and wit in Rajshekhar Basu’s ‘Young Heart’s Club.’ Perhaps, through the juxtaposition of these various themes and styles used in the stories, the translator has intended to convey the truth that it is the diversity of the human psyche and its various manifestations that constitute the elements of great, timeless literature. Perhaps it is for the same reason that Nobel laureate of Bengal, Rabindranath Tagore and his worthy successors of Bengal’s literary haven, including Sarat Chandra Chatterjee, Bibhuti Bhushan Bandyopadhyay, Rajshekhar Basu and the esteemed Hindi fictionists Munshi Premchand and Jayshankar Prasad walk hand-in-hand in this representative anthology, together with celebrated, legendary Urdu/Hindi author Sadat Hassan Manto.

It is also noteworthy here that Sengupta has translated two stories each by both Rabindranath Tagore and his sister Swarna Kumari Devi in the same collection with remarkable elan. Dr. Sanjukta Dasgupta, in her foreword to the book, mentions this with her remarkable literary insight. “This positioning of Swarnakumari Devi as the first writer in this anthology is a game changer of sorts… Sengupta has turned the floodlights towards the first woman writer of fiction in Bengal.”

While many of us are acquainted with the legendary works of Tagore and his literary journey, it is the beautiful literary voice of his sister Swarna Kumari who worked her way to establishing herself as a celebrated fiction writer during the period of Bengal’s renaissance, which remains a reality not much discussed or touched upon today. The two stories originally penned by Swarnakumari Devi that Sengupta translates in the collection, titled ‘Prince Bhim Singha’ and ‘Why’, tentatively composed in the late 19th Century, touches upon two distinct themes. While the first story brings forth the theme of loyalty of blood ties and familial love, sacrifice and valor, in the second story, the protagonist is a wretched housewife who recounts her inner turmoil when her husband abandons her for another woman. In her lucid translation of ‘Why,’ the voice of the woman and the pathos embedded in her psyche lingered in my mind long after the story ended.

In the translator’s note at the beginning of the book, while categorically pointing out the need and relevance of Indian literature in fresh translation for today’s readers, Sengupta very aptly notes: “It is not only about translating a text in a different language, but it is more about retaining an emotion, delicate sensibilities, and culture, in the other language.” Her translated stories in the collection bear testimony to this rare and distinguished ability to retain a plethora of emotions and sensibilities with which she has translated the stories of these master craftsmen of Indian literature.

I hope and wish more of these translated classics are born from her pen in the days to come.

***


Reviewer Bio: Lopamudra Banerjee is an author, poet, translator, editor with eight published books and six anthologies in fiction, nonfiction and poetry. She has been a featured poet at Rice University, Houston in 2019 and her poems have been published in ‘Life in Quarantine’, the Digital Humanities Archive of Stanford University, USA. Her recent translation of celebrated novelist Ashapurna Debi’s novel ‘Bakul Katha’ has received Honorable Mention at London Book Festival 2022.

 

Translator Bio: Chaitali Sengupta writes and translates fiction, nonfiction, and poetry.  A reviewer and a journalist, her debut collection of prose poem Cross-Stitched Words, received Honorable Mention at the New England Book Festival 2021. Recently, her collaborative translation Legends Speak: Bengali Women’s Narratives in Translation was launched. Her other two works of translation are Quiet whispers of our heart & A thousand words of heart. She received an award of recognition from the Foundation Literary International Hollande-Cuba for her works and poems. Her work ‘She Walks over the Flood’ is a part of a literary project done in collaboration with Environmental Humanities Center, Amsterdam. She has contributed to esteemed anthologies, online/print journals. Presently, she is working on a translation work featuring the Dutch author, Louis Couperus.


Chaitali Sengupta (Children's World)

Chaitali Sengupta

The Two Servants

Long, long time ago in the kingdom of Biratnagar there ruled a wise king. The king had a big palace and to look after all the works inside the palace he had many servants. Kind and large-hearted, the king looked upon his servants as his sons. Of the numerous servants, however, he had special liking for two men whom he employed to do all his personal works.

                    The elder one of the two servants, Jairam, was hired to do hard works like scrubbing, washing, carrying water, loading and unloading things; the younger one, Maniram, ran errands for the King, maintained the king’s personal accounts, and wrote the instructions the king had to send to his courtiers.

(Picture courtesy: Free Photo Dreamstime)

At the end of every month the king would send for his special servants and pay them personally. Jairam received a golden mohur and a silver mohur for his job; Maniram was given two golden mohurs.

 “What injustice is this,” complained Jairam’s wife at the end of each month when Jairam handed over the two mohurs to his wife. “You slog for the whole day without rest and yet all you get is two mohurs. And look at that sly Maniram! He sits and scribbles for the whole day and ran a few errands. Yet the king pays him more!”

 “What can I say about that?” Jairam would reply, himself a bit puzzled over the king’s decision. “The King is our master and if he pays me two mohurs, he must be right in doing so.”

But his wife, with her eyes on the big house of Maniram, just next to their own humble cottage nagged and complained. Maniram was a shrewd man, she said her heart almost bursting with envy. He knows how to fool the kind king.

 “And you! You’re a good for nothing!” snapped his wife.


(Photo Courtesy: Free Photo Dreamstime)

 

Sad and unhappy, Jairam sat and brooded over the king’s injustice but lacked courage to talk to the king. The more he saw of Maniram, the more his heart cried at the unfairness of his situation. No matter how much he labored, the king simply loved Maniram the best. Jairam stayed awake many nights and shed many a tears on his ill luck. And soon, the worry in his mind began affecting his work. It was not long that the king who was indeed watchful of all his men’s happiness found one of his favorite servants go around with a miserable face.

It was nearly evening one day. The king sat resting in his chamber with his queen. He sent for Jairam and asked after his well being.

          “By your grace your Majesty, I’m well,” replied Jairam, bowing low.

          “Oh, but you don’t look happy to me,” the king smiled. “It seems that something is bothering you. Tell me, Jairam. I command you.”

Thus commanded Jairam could not hide his trouble and in a fearful voice put before the king what had bewildered him for long now. And all the while he thought how angry the king would be after hearing him out, how furious he would be at him for suspecting the rightness of his decision!

But when he finished speaking, to his surprise the king shook his head, stared down at his cowering servant and burst out laughing. “And this was what caused you so much grief, you poor fellow?” said he kindly.

Jairam nodded his head in confusion. The king rubbed his chin and walked inside the chamber. Down in the courtyard, just before the royal granary stood a peasant with a cart. An argument seemed to be going on between the granary in-charge and the peasant. Turning away from the window, the king asked Jairam, “It seems some problem has come up. Run down and go and ask the peasant what’s he carrying in his cart. In the meanwhile I’ll think of a solution to your problem.”   

Jairam ran down the beautifully decorated stairs and came up sooner. “The peasant is carrying sacks of maize and corn, your majesty,” replied he.

The king nodded his head. “Ah, so I see. But in which village had he grown the corns, I wonder?”

Jairam was very prompt in bringing back this answer too. The corns came from the nearby village of Punpur.

 “Punpur? I never knew they grow corn there!” The king frowned. “Is it of a good quality? Are the grains broken or shrunken?”

            Once again the elder servant ran down and returned with an answer. And as soon as his master had learnt of the answer, he expressed a wish to know how many sacks of maize and corn were there on the cart.

No sooner had Jairam brought the information, the king sent him back again for he wished to have a sample of the corn. When Jairam had brought back a handful of corn, the King inspected it minutely and nodded his head. “Very good quality of product, indeed. Why are they arguing then, Jairam?”

After making his sixth trip when Jairam returned huffing and panting, the king asked him to take a rest and sent for Maniram.

The younger servant greeted the king by bowing gracefully. The king said, “Maniram, a peasant is standing with his cart near the granary. Run down and find out what is there in his cart.”

While Maniram ran down, Jairam stared at the king in total puzzlement. What was his wise master up to? Didn’t he make six trips to bring him the answer to his queries? Was he not in his own self? Even the queen had a bemused expression on her face.

In the meanwhile Maniram was counting the stairs and soon presented himself before the king.

 “Tell me now, Maniram.” 

 “Your majesty,” replied Maniram. “The cart contains maize and corn and the peasant had grown them in his village called Punpur. The quality of his maize and corn is indeed best and so he wishes to sell them to the royal granary. But the granary in-charge thinks he’s quoting a price too high and hence they are engaged in a bargain. It’s an argument to settle the price, your Majesty. And I think it’ll be solved soon enough. Do you need anymore information, my Lord?”

The king was satisfied and sent him away. Turning to Jairam he asked with a smile, “Now my dear man, have you realised why he gets more wage than you? It’s because he not only works hard, but he works hard intelligently.”

 

 

Bio Note: Chaitali Sengupta

 

Chaitali Sengupta writes and translates poetry, fiction, and non-fiction. A reviewer and a journalist, her debut collection of prose poems Cross Stitched Words, received the ‘Honorable Mention’ award at the New England book festival 2021. Her latest work of translation is Timeless Tales in Translation, a collection of 12 short stories by famous Indian authors. She is also a teacher of Dutch language and is presently working on a translation featuring the Dutch author, Louis Couperus.

Book Review: The Diary of Kaikeyi by Seema Jain

Review: Chaitali Sengupta


The Vanquished Queen: The diary of Kaikeyi
Author: Ramkishore Mehta
Translation: Seema Jain
Hawakal publishers, 450.00 INR
ISBN:978-93-914314-88

               The Hindu epic Ramayan focuses on the legend of Lord Shri Ram- the supreme man (Maryada Purushottam) who perfected righteousness. Although the epic is peopled with several women characters, they are mostly portrayed as powerless characters who not only endure extreme events but are also secondary to the status of men. The women in this epic are examples of their indomitable sense of stree dharma, be it Sita, Kaushlaya, or Urmila. The only exception is Kaikeyi, the second queen of king Dasharath, the fierce, villainous stepmother of Shri Ram.

               Ramkishore Mehta’s original book ‘Parajita ka Atmakathya’ claims to be a translation from Prakrit. It is based on the events described in the Valmiki Ramayan. Independent researcher Aishikk Sengupta says at the outset that ‘The author pens down his own narrative that he borrows from trusted translations and commentaries of the epic’. The translator Prof. Seema Jain explains that she “found the novel appealing in its logical interpretation of many aspects of the epic, which are floated as myths for public consumption.”

               In a postmodernist milieu, it becomes relevant to reinterpret both the mythological tales and the characters therein. This is not a novel path; such reinterpretations have also happened before. The plot line does not change, only the storytelling becomes different with the passage of time. In ‘The Vanquished queen: the diary of Kaikeyi’ Mehta revisits the character of Kaikeyi. She is the most despised, hated, abhorred queen of Indian mythology. She’s the one who plots ruthlessly against Shri Ram and is remembered for her dark deed of banishing him to the forest, along with his brother and wife.

Chaitali Sengupta
               Mehta, with his creative prowess, has touched the character of Kaikeyi with the magic wand of redemption. His Kaikeyi is not one-dimensional, but she appears to be extraordinarily brave, a warrior, a political diplomat determined to leave her mark not only on Kekeya, the kingdom where she was born, or on Ayodhya where she was given to in marriage but on a patriarchal society that restricts women to find their own identities. Kaikeyi writes in the diary about her girlhood, her youthful fantasy for a young sergeant in her father king Ashwapati’s army, her deep loathing for king Dashrath, and her palpable anger at being abused at his hands as an object of sex. ‘For a husband, a wife’s importance is no more than that of a plaything, a means of recreation, of relieving himself of stress, a pleasure bed, a sleep-inducing drug, something to play with or to be put aside at will...” (Page 19)

Seema Jain

               But such thoughts anger her. She is a born leader, fearless at heart, a skillful warrior, raising questions about a woman’s position in society. “This patriarchal society has equated woman to the Earth or Wealth, for the possession of which man has fought wars. My daughter, is it not insulting for a woman to be treated as inanimate, like the Earth or Wealth? Are you happy being regarded as an object of consumption?” (Page 29) The book abounds with her bold, questioning views which Sita, Kausalya and Urmila have trouble digesting. Till the very end, Kaikeyi is shown striving to ‘have a matriarchal society where women would show to men that they are much more than mere biological tools for child-bearing and child-rearing.’ (Page 20) In this regard, the advice she gives to Sita stands out. ‘My daughter! I’m talking to you of developing your potential in such a way that the other person has no choice but to regard you as his equal, this being dependent not on his convenience but on your potential and capabilities.’ (Page 29)

               While Kausalya and Sumitra were mostly dedicated mothers, endowed with ‘a supreme and fathomless capacity to sacrifice everything’, she, Kaikeyi-the maharani- could not ‘involve herself enough in the upbringing of Bharata’ (page 129) due to her anxieties and manipulative efforts, her increasing interference in the state affairs. Kaikeyi’s thoughts on having a matured spy network and state detective force, her increasing influence on the council of ministers and the unstinted support she received from Dashrath’s chief minister and priest Vasishta show her dominance in the male-dominated society. She views Shri Ram and his world through a feminist lens and although she praises him to be a clever statesman, with an expert understanding of the intrigues and conspiracies Kaikeyi hatched from the palace, she also despises him for sending Sita into exile. ‘Whatever happened to Sita, the whole mankind should never forget that.’ (Page 39)

               Prof. Seema Jain’s translation is lucid and masterful. It turns this enthralling and startling narrative into a quick and easy read. Balancing authenticity with readability is a difficult task when one is translating. Prof. Jain must receive her due credit for it. She has surely been able to ferry across the fiery, tainted, cursed Kaikeyi in the present-day context, as a strong female character. As a result, her work has indeed become ‘another pathbreaking milestone in creative and critical discourse.’ (Page 12)

Bio-note: Chaitali Sengupta is a published writer, poet, translator, and reviewer based in the Netherlands. Timeless tales in Translation is her latest work of 12 translated short stories by Indian authors. Cross Stitched words, her debut collection of prose-poems, is the recipient of an Honorary mention award at the New England Book Festival 2021. Her book Legends Speak: Bengali women’s narratives in translation is a collaborative work of translation.


SORROW INGRATE/ Kritoghno Shok: Chaitali Sengupta (Tagore Special)

Chaitali Sengupta

            At early dawn, she bid adieu.

 My mind tried to console me by saying, “Everything is an illusion.”

 Annoyed, I retorted back. I said, “There at the table is her sewing box. On the rooftop garden those flowerpots, that monogrammed hand fan on the bed. All these are indeed real.”

 My mind tried to explain further. “Yet, give it a thought.”

 Quick came my rejoinder. “Stop saying that. Look at that story book, her hairpin stuck in the folds of a page in the middle, indicating that she hadn’t finished reading it. If these are all illusions, then why should she be even a greater illusion than these things?”

 My mind quietened down. A friend came over and gave me his wisdom. He said, “What is good in this world is true; it never fades, never dies out. The entire creation preserves it in its heart like a valuable gem in a garland.”

 In anger, I replied again. “How do you know? Are you trying to tell me that a body is useless? Where did that body go?”

 Like an enraged little boy who keeps hitting at its mother, I too struck and hurt every little thing that provided sustenance to me in this world. I kept complaining, “This world is false and unfaithful.”

 Soon, in an abrupt manner, I was startled out of my stupor. I felt someone was saying, “An ingrate you are! Ungrateful.”

 Outside my window, the three-day-old crescent moon was shining, hidden behind the tamarisk trees. It was like the smile of the dear one who had departed. It was as if she was playing hide and seek with me. Under the star-spangled darkness, an admonition floated through. “When I surrendered to you, you took it as a deception. Now that I stay concealed, would you place your faith there and would you, in earnest, believe in it?”

A prose-poem by Rabindranath Tagore from Lipika

 

Lipika, a slim volume of prose-poems by Rabindranath Tagore, was first published in the year 1922. In this book, Tagore muses about the dusk and the dawn, about the cloud messenger, about a rambling path. His key thoughts in this book focus on the day-to-day activities, fairy tale, mythology, but his deep poetic sensibility runs throughout the verses. He conveys the mundane incidents and trivial ideas through delicate words and renders them momentous.

This collection, therefore, contains some of his finest and most delicate works, and that makes Lipika very unique.

In Lipika, Tagore experimented with what he named ‘Gadya kabita’ (prose-poems) in Bengali. To understand his prosodical experiments, a close reading of Lipika is an absolute must. Here he keeps aside all constraints of form and uses ‘free verse’ and yet as we read through the mellifluous creations, we can see that the lilting, musical lyricism is not absent.

Translated by Chaitali Sengupta

 

BioChaitali Sengupta writes and translates poetry, fiction, and non-fiction. Her first book of poetry Cross Stitched Words is a recipient of the Honorable Mention award at the New England Book Festival 2021. Her latest work of translation is Timeless Tales in Translation, a collection of 12 short stories by Indian authors.