Showing posts with label Dialogue. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Dialogue. Show all posts

On Lit, ghosts and creativity: A literary conversation with Santosh Bakaya

The eminent author-academic-blogger-biographer-TedX speaker from Jaipur, India, Santosh Bakaya discusses her world and craft with fellow writer and editor Sunil Sharma.

Excerpts:
Sunil Sharma
Q:  What does it mean to be: a woman, a poet and academic in the post-colonial, mass society?

Santosh: In the intellectual space provided to us- the decolonized people in the post-colonial world, the emergent women writers have found snug niches for their differently contoured and differently nuanced voices with varying inflections and emphasis. In the post-colonial society, new perceptions, paradigm shifts and newer methods of looking at the world have emerged, and there are alternative dialogues and counter-narratives and women have been vocal enough to talk about these new perceptions in their own confident voices.

I can say it with a robust conviction that I have received a lot of respect and love as a woman-writer, in the present post-colonial society, which I indeed find very humbling. What more can a writer dream of?

Q: Santosh Bakaya that her readers do not know?

Santosh: The readers don’t know the insane side of me. They called me the Mad Hatter in school, and I continue to retain that insane streak, and seem to be adding to it every day [and am I proud of it!] I believe that I am forever injecting a little of my insanity in the sane world around and am firmly convinced that all of us are mad here.


Yes, another thing that my readers don’t know [some do!] is that I had enacted the role of one of Macbeth’s witches in my school days, and the vestigial remains of the cackling laughter that I worked on, still clings to me. So, I tend to laugh a lot- so what, if some believe that it is a cackle- I believe that a cackle can also spread joy. And I am absolutely peeved by people who frown without any reason. Many a time, I have told a flabbergasted class to wipe off their frowns before entering my class.

Q: Santosh Bakaya summed up, in a paragraph, please.

Santosh: My daughter calls me a social embarrassment, [and, like a fool, I keep telling myself that it is tongue-in-cheek] because of my tactility, garrulity and proclivity of laughing the loudest at my own jokes. Trust me to strike long lasting friendships with people I have met in trains and planes.

Q: The necessity of creativity and dissidence in societies of the Alt-right?

Santosh: Dissidence is absolutely important in societies of the Alt-Right, because if we don’t dissent, we will be asphyxiated- squeezed out of existence. These days, it is very edifying to hear many youngsters raising their indignant voices of dissent against such societies, through powerful writings – both in poetry and prose.
The societies of the Alt –right go all out to exclude other voices from public deliberation and fake news, hate speeches, personal attacks and trolling reign supreme, coupled with a vehement desire to indulge in drowning [their] speaking with shrieking and squeaking In fifty different sharps and flats.
In order to sabotage this desire of the Alt-Right to drown the others’ voices, it becomes our moral duty to increase the pitches of our voices, so that we are also heard above the shrill cacophony.

Q: Literary truth, lies in a post-truth culture?
Conformism and creativity, are these productive or dangerous for fine arts as a public domain of cognition, communication and consumption?

Santosh: In the present culture of post- truth, where facts and reality are being
assaulted every day with impunity, truth has become Janus-faced. We often find
falsehood masquerading as truth and fake news strutting around brazenly, and
journalists crying themselves hoarse trying to establish falsehoods as truth.
Schisms are evolving every day, and new fault lines can be seen polarizing the
world like never before .There is no such thing as accountability, and the authorities are known to do whatever suits their political exigencies.
That idyllic world, alas, is irretrievably lost when there used to be only one version of the truth. Now we have many versions of the truth, and even literary truth has fallen prey to this practice. The writers can create their own literary truth, literary works can be written in a manner which present reality in a distorted manner, or in a manner which is in conformity with the perspectives of the writer.
The Britishers called the 1857 uprising a mutiny, thus giving it an absolutely
negative spin.
These days we find that false narratives are dexterously woven around ‘Us’ and
‘them’, injecting one’s own biases, prejudices and beliefs into the narrative.
In such a scenario, the onus of differentiating between falsehood and reality falls
on the shoulders of the literary critics. There was a time when Truth was Truth, but
today, there are many versions of the truth. For some, the overwhelming information churned out by WhatsApp is the sole truth. A writer with right wing leanings can inject his own personal viewpoint in his narrative, touting it as the truth, but it is the duty of a discerning person to try to get to the root of the actual truth.
Regarding the second part of your question, let me maintain that if one is conforming to a particular line of thought, creativity becomes a misnomer. One cannot conform and be creative at the same time. Right from our preschool days, we get subtle hints of indoctrination – how a child should behave and how he should not – do’s and don’ts of a student’s life. When we start moving forward, these efforts of the society to make us mental slaves conforming to their norms become stronger and clearer. Unless one has a robust sense of self-worth, one will invariably become a slave to societal expectations. No matter what others say, I strongly believe that conformism and creativity are absolutely dangerous for fine arts as a domain of cognition, communication and consumption, and smack of a servile mindset. “To be yourself in a world that is constantly trying to make you something else is the greatest accomplishment.” Ralph Waldo Emerson said this a long time ago, and this has a stronger resonance in the society of today, when one is expected to toe lines laid down by the high-ups, and if you don’t, woe betide you.

Q: Why horror and ghosts as preferred forms of writing and reading for you? Are you not afraid of the cold sighs and a visitor from the other side, dead of night?

Santosh: This reminds me of my daughter when she was just a two year old. Reassured that she was sleeping, I would watch horror movies at midnight, only to hear some squirming next to the bed. To my utter horror, I would find her, watching the movie through chinks between her fingers.

The moment I switched off the television set, she would throw a tantrum, flinging away the quilt, her yells making the owls break into a string of frightened hoots. “I WANT TO WATCH THE ‘HORREL’ MOVIE!” Her discordant shriek would rent the air.
Horror had a tiny tot who could not even pronounce the word ‘horror’ properly, in its grip. So you see, the spirits and spooks always intrigue, both the young and the old.
But, honestly speaking, I have read The wind in the Willows, Gerald Durrell’s My family and other Animals with the same gusto as I have read The Woman in white, or the best horror stories of the world.
I often think that we are merely ghosts strutting the earth vainly and will soon dissolve into thin air, leaving behind all our earthly assets, but we never seem to realize it because of our humongous conceit.
Yes, and even the present sad scenario of a pandemic has the makings of a scary, spooky surrealscape, bringing to mind a line from Edgar Allen Poe’s short story

‘The Masque of the Red Death’, ‘’No pestilence had ever been so fatal and so
hideous.” We seem to have become ghosts of our former selves, jumping at our own sighs –ears pricked to the eerie sound emanating from the constant washing of hands.
Honestly, it is high time we realized that we are merely malevolent ghosts, and ought to be afraid of our shenanigans, and our knack of wreaking havoc.

Q: Language of male writers, is it different from the female writers, in terms of sensibility, emotive quotient, lexical and linguistic usage? Is it more sensitive? More lyrical?

Santosh: No matter, what is said on this issue, I fail to notice any subtle differences in the writing style of male and female writers. It is believed by many that gender shows up in writing, but, honestly speaking, I am not so discerning a reader. I know many professors of linguistics have emphasized that men and women have differing communication styles and computers can pick up these differences, but, I know even computers have been known to err.
For a long time, I continued to think that George Eliot was a man, and if I were told that To kill a Mockingbird was written by a man, I would have willingly believed it.
So, for a layperson like me, I find no difference in men / women writers in terms of sensibility, emotive quotient, lexical and linguistic usage, or sensitivity or lyricism.

Q: The role of eminent women writers like Jane Austen, George Eliot, Toni Morrison and Maya Angelou.

Santosh: The niche that George Eliot and Jane Austen have carved for themselves in the annals of English literature cannot be underestimated.
It is 200 years since Jane Austen’s death, and she still continues to be discussed with a bright eyed ardor in classrooms. There are many screen adaptations of her novels which written such a long time back are still as captivating now as they were then, as they deal with the eternal matters of money, romantic relations and family conflicts. There is no surreality about her novels, only a very credible reality which families faced then, and continue to face even now. Both the young adults and older audiences have enjoyed her novels equally. The timeless narratives have so enchanted the new writers that they have effortlessly adapted them to the present times, creating their own versions.
George Eliot, born Mary Ann Evans, was one of the important English novelists of the 19th century, whose books Adam Bede, The Mill on the Floss, Silas Mariner have left an everlasting impact on the literary scene. Middlemarch [1871] her psychologically insightful masterpiece, focused on the thwarted idealism of its two principal characters and spoke of the role of women in the community, their longings, yearnings and energies. Replete with many psychological insights and moral ambiguity, the book was critiqued for its bold handling by men critics, as she had not given a happy ending to the novel, as women writers were expected to do. But the book continued to fascinate then as it does now, so much so that Rebecca Mead went on to show her fascination for this nineteenth century work by writing the absolutely intriguing book, My Life in Middlemarch [2014] - her heartfelt tribute to a seminal work of literature.
Who can deny the colossal contribution of Toni Morrison and Maya Angelou? Toni Morrison, was the first African- American to win the Nobel prize in literature [1993] and Pulitzer Prize in 1988 [Beloved] This towering writer of The Bluest Eye and the critically acclaimed Song of Solomon, will always be remembered for her writings about Black experience, black identity and her incredibly scintillating prose about the bruising pain, the trials and tribulations of black women.
When she died at the age of 88 on August 5, 2019, she left the world a slightly better place than the one which she was born into. She was not just a writer but a movement challenging America’s inherent racism, partly responsible for America taking strides, albeit slowly, towards a more inclusive America.


Toni Morrison called Maya Angelou ‘a real original’, having been the first to have launched African- American women writing in the United States. Lines from her masterpiece, I know why the caged bird sings have been very oft quoted. “There is no greater agony than bearing an untold story inside you, is a quote very close to my heart and therefore, I am always trying to spew out those stories lying dormant inside me. Her lines, you may write me down in history with your bitter twisted lines. You may trod me in the very dirt, but still, like dust, I’ll rise are lines which will continue to inspire womankind for years to come.
Needless to say, this hugely popular American poet, civil rights activist and memoirist, with her formidable oeuvre of works and edifying speeches will undoubtedly remain an inspiration, always.

Q: Enduring literary influences on your psyche for more than a decade or so?

Santosh: I am a Dickens loyalist and it has always been Charles Dickens for me. No matter what people say about my being a twenty first century woman caught in a time warp, I will take my love for Dickens to the grave. I was in the tenth standard when I had read all the Dickens classics, and I know, till the last breath, like Oliver Twist, I will keep asking for more- more of Dickens.
Although, I do read the modern writers, [I love David Baldacci, have read all the novels of John Grisham], Dickens has always been my first love, and I will continue carrying a torch for him till the time I totter and flounder to my grave.

Q: What makes you write? And why? Is it worth the efforts?

Santosh: The happy cloud flaunting its silverware, the rag picker bending over an overflowing dumpster, and straightening up, with a serendipitous gleam in sunken eyes, holding some precious booty in his grimy hands, an emaciated woman at the construction site suckling her infant lying in a patchwork hammock in the shade of a neem tree , and an octogenarian couple trudging on into the sunset, holding hands, whispering trivia into each other’s ears, a shikara in the Dal Lake in my homeland, Kashmir, and the boatman singing a sad, sad song of the good old days, a rosy cherub peeping through his mother’s pheran- such heart-warming scenes have always sent me into a poetic tizzy. When I see any social injustice, my pen starts itching and spewing indignant words.
Of course, it is very much worth the efforts. Let me make myself clearer. Once at the SAARC Sufi festival in Jaipur, where I happened to be one of the delegates, to my absolute embarrassment, someone mistook me for Taslima Nasreen! When I sheepishly told him of my non- entity status, he did not bat an eyelid, on the contrary, fumbling in his bag, pulled out three copies of Ballad of Bapu.
“Sorry for the confusion, madam, but I know you, I had seen your picture in the SAARC brochure, and hence brought these copies of Ballad of Bapu along for your autograph. Thanks a ton for this poetic tribute to Bapu. Madam, how long did it take you to write this masterpiece? I had resolved not to start reading unless these books had been autographed by you.”
“Three copies?”
“Well, one for my daughter, one for my wife who will gift it to her college and one for myself.” He said beaming; I would have beamed too, but for the tingling sensation in my eyes.
But in a lighter vein, you know, I have often been at the receiving end of many jibes from my daughter, “when will you stop spilling the creative juices all over the house?” I have often heard her crib with a naughty twinkle in her eyes.
Then there are beautiful, sensitive souls that I have met along the way and struck lifelong friendships with. That wouldn’t have been possible if writing had not been my passion.

Q: The novel is a demanding literary form. What problems do you face, writing longer prose than poetry? The challenges of the novel? How long do you take to finish it?

Santosh: Well, the first three novels that I wrote were YA novels, and I had no problem writing them because my childhood escapades came to my rescue there, and I wrote a lot about them in these mystery novels; in fact, the novels just wrote themselves, there was absolutely no problem there, and I finished them in four months each.
Then I started writing a humorous-satirical novel on higher education, which also has many autobiographical elements, but alas, the novel is still languishing, because I cannot decide how to end it.
I just had a faint idea regarding what I was going to write in my latest novella, A Skyful of Balloons and here again I faced no problem as the backdrop was Kashmir, my homeland, and the characters also bore a strong resemblance to some people I was very familiar with. This was written during the Nanowrimo, [National novel writing month] hence was finished in a month, but I later added a few more chapters to it, to give it its present form.

Q: Say something about the mystery creatures called cats. You have plenty of them, I am told.

Santosh: Well, my fascination with cats goes back to the time my dad, a professor of English, with a doctorate in Robert Browning used to recite poems to us from Eliot’s Old Possum’s Book of practical Cats. [“Shouldn’t you be talking of rats, considering your specialization in Robert Browning- Pied Piper of Hamelin, and all?” I remember asking him, and he would merely smile, quoting Eliot, The naming of cats is a difficult matter, it isn’t just one of your holiday games” while we looked quizzically at him.
Moreover, we used to have two pet cats, Lizzy and Kitty, about whom he penned many poems which he would recite with ‘purrfect’ sounds, while the cats lounged around in feline grace, probably aware that they were the topic of discussion.
You know, I have written many ghost stories where a cat is one of the characters, and many poems revolving around cats. A novel which I am just about to complete also has a cat.
Well, you might say I am a cat person.
Sunil Sharma, this conversation was indeed very stimulating and needless to say, I enjoyed every moment of answering the thought provoking questions. Thanks a ton for this wonderful opportunity.

Q: Same here. Thanks for your patience.

Santosh Bakaya
Author-bio: Dr. Santosh Bakaya, recipient of the International Reuel Award for writing and literature [2014] for her long narrative poem, Oh Hark!, Setu Award [2018], Bharat Nirman Award for literary excellence [2017] Keshav Malik Award [2019], is an academic- poet- novelist- biographer - essayist -Ted Speaker- creative writing mentor, whose Ted talk on the Myth of Writers' Block is very popular in creative writing circles. She runs a much appreciated column, Morning Meanderings, in Learning and Creativity. Com. which now has a kindle version. Her three mystery novels, now out of print [The Mystery of the Relic, The Mystery of the Jhalana fort and The Mystery of the Pine cottage], for young adults ,were very well received.

Her poetic biography of Mahatma Gandhi [Ballad of Bapu], has been internationally acclaimed. Under the Apple Boughs [Poetry], Where are the lilacs? [Poetry], Songs of Belligerence [Poetry], Flights from my Terrace [Personal essays], Bring out the tall Tales, [short stories with Avijit Sarkar], A Skyful of Balloons [novella] are some of her other books which have received laurels. Her latest book is a biography of Martin Luther King Jr. [Only in Darkness can you see the Stars]

Talking Civilizations and Arts with Abhay K.

Sunil Sharma
Sunil Sharma, editor, Setu (English), catches up with the noted poet-editor-translator and diplomat Abhay K. on issues wide ranging: From continents, cultures, poetry and translation.

The interesting conversation through email below:

Q: You recently lived the magical continent. How was the experience in the land of the greats like Borges, Vallejo, Mistral, Neruda, Marquez and Paz among others?

Abhay K.
Abhay K.: I lived in Brasilia, the capital of Brazil where I was posted as the Deputy Ambassador of India 2016-2019, and had the opportunity to travel across Latin America attending poetry festivals and visiting tourist sites. It was a dream for me to visit Machu Picchu, Isla Negra, Buenos Aires, Atacama, International Poetry Festival in Medellin, Colombia, Mexico City, Panama Canal, Rio de Janeiro, Lima and meet the poets, writers and artists of contemporary Latin America, to walk with them the streets where once Machado de Assis, Borges, Vallejo, Mistral, Neruda, Clarice Lispector, Cecilia Meireles, Carlos Drummond de Andrade, Marquez and Paz used to walk. Each of them were alphabets that made the book of Latin America for me. During these three years (2016-2019), I was able to complete CAPITALS, select and edit 100 Great Indian Poems, 100 More Great Indian Poems, write a collection of poems on Brasilia and write poems about the historical figures, places, flora and fauna, culture and traditions of Latin America. I was invited to read my poems at the major international poetry festivals in Granada, Nicaragua, Medellin, Colombia, Santiago, Chile, and for poetry readings in Lima, Buenos Aires and Mexico City.  At the end of my tenure in Brazil, I was appointed as Ambassador to the Indian Ocean islands of Madagascar and Comoros. So it was a very important period of my creative and diplomatic life.

Q: What lessons did the Mayans and Inca teach you as a poet and outsider, coming from another era and civilization?

Abhay K.: I have travelled to Cusco, the centre of the Inca Empire, which rose in the Peruvian Andes in the early 13th century and conquered a large part of western edge of South America in the Andes facing the Pacific between 1483-1533. Quechua was its official language. Incas worshipped the Sun god—Inti. Incas had developed a sophisticated civilization. Machu Picchu, a 15th century Inca citadel is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is considered one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Inca moral code – ama suwa, ama llulla, ama quella (do not steal, do not lie, do not be lazy) is still worth emulating. Inca poetry—The Sacred Hymns of Pachacutec, have been translated into English. Here is another Inca poem titled ‘Beautiful Princess’ translated from Quechua into English—

Beautiful princess
your brother
has broken
your vase
and that is why
thunder rumbles, the lightning glares
and the thunderbolt falls.
However it is you, princess,
who must give us water
by making rain
and sometimes even
hail
and snow.
The creator of the world,
Pachacamac
Viracocha
created you
and charged you
with this task.



The Mayans, on the other hand, built their civilization in Central America. The first Maya cities developed around 750 BC while the last Maya city fell in 1697.  The Mayans developed sophisticated art forms and a complex system of hieroglyphic writing that was the most advanced in the pre-Columbian Americas. Mayan’s practices of sustainable organic farming, holistic healing, storytelling tradition, unique architecture, love poetry are noteworthy. The Book of the Dances of the Ancients is the source of almost all the ancient Mayan lyric poems that have survived to our day. Popularly known as Songs of Dzitbalch├й, it is closely connected to the Books of Chilam Balam, sacred books of the colonial Yucatec
Maya.

Here is some exquisite Mayan poems translated by Dr. Alfredo Barrera V├бsquez  and Munro S Edmonson, worth preserving--


Tz'utz'                                        Oh to kiss
A chi                                          Your mouth
T u caap cool                             At the loose railing
Hok che                                     Of the picket fence!          



Bin in tz'uutz' a chi                 I am going to kiss your mouth
Tut yam x cohl                        There among the little reeds.
X ciichpam zac                       Oh beautiful shining lady,
Y an y an a u ahal                   You must, you must wake up.

Q: In your poem "Atahualpa", the trauma, sadness and betrayal, and loneliness and resignation of a ruthless colonialism, can be acutely felt by a reader. You have transmitted and channelized the collective anguish of a wounded civilization so succinctly and economically in it. 
How real is this pain and recall of the subjugated history for the current Latin Americans there? Are the ghosts still roaming there or have been buried?

Abhay K.: Athaualpa was the last Inca emperor and he was invited for a dialogue by the Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro, where his men were tricked and defeated and captured. Centuries of their civilizations became subjugated to colonial whims. The indigenous community could not bear the double shock of disease and brute colonization and perished. Whoever survived were absorbed in interracial marriages. They are still tackling the cruel realities of colonial conquest of Latin America. The ghosts of history are still out, roaming in the streets. Neruda, Paz, Kahlo, Riviera, Marquez, Llosa, they all tried to make peace with them and in turn great literature and art have been coming out of Latin America because of the prevalent juxtaposition of incredible magic and harsh reality on the ground.

Q: What motivates you to write quality poems consistently and with such artistic finesse, moving from one country to another, in the corridors of power, very much like Octavio Paz?
Some kind of inner need for communication? Clarity? Or, articulating the non-heard voices?

Abhay K.: My writing comes from the deep quest within me to write about places I visit, civilizations I encounter, to document my experiences of my interaction with living people, historical and mythological figures, monuments, landscapes, flora and fauna in different parts of the world, some never sung/written about in popular realm of literature.  Octavio Paz is a much more gifted poet and essayist than me. There is a glorious tradition, though not so well-known among the literary community, of  poet-diplomats or poet-ambassadors writing great poetry while representing their countries as Ambassadors such as Pablo Neruda (Chile), George Seferis (Greece), and of course Octavio Paz (Mexico)who also received the Nobel Prize in literature. There are other poet-diplomats such as Gabriela Mistral, St. John Perse and Ceslaw Milosz who have been awarded Nobel Prize in literature.
There are a number of common elements between poetry and diplomacy. Both poets and diplomats deal with words and choose them very carefully (‘poetry teaches you, if nothing else, how to choose your words.’—Rita Dove) day after day during their whole career, are sensitive individuals and communicate through slant (‘tell it but tell it slant’ –Emily Dickinson) and pithy (say more in less) expressions. No doubt, so many poet-diplomats have made immense contributions to the field of literature.


Q: What are your views on contemporary world poetry, its contours and messages? Does it connect with the public?

Abhay K.: There is not one contemporary world poetry, but many, written in diverse languages, in diverse geographies, some of which we have not even heard of. Poetry happens when a poem is read by someone and the effects a poem produces. Sometimes, poems are read by a select circle of audience and not by the general public. There are all kinds of poets and all kinds of poems. So it is difficult to make a general comment about it.


Q: How do you handle writing and diplomacy in a high-pressure environment? How authentic is the creativity and the solitude required for it, in view of being constantly surrounded by diplomats and diplomatic work, in your context?

Abhay K.: I would like to quote the words of French writer Francoise Sagan—‘I shall live badly if I don’t write, and I shall write badly if I don’t live,’ to present my case. I’ll be a mediocre diplomat if I don’t write poetry and a mediocre poet if I am not a diplomat. Both are existential for me and I find time for both of them, even in a high pressure environment.

Creativity requires solitude, that’s true, and strangely I find solitude in the crowded places, like traveling in a metro in Moscow, or sitting in a caf├й in Kathmandu buzzing with young couples or in a Saturday market in the outskirts of Brasilia or on the top of Machu Picchu full of tourists from all corners of the world, or in a meeting full of officials in South Block in New Delhi. I think solitude is a state of mind. We can be all alone with our mind crowded with all kinds of thoughts.

Q: Memorable incidents as a diplomat and as a poet?

Abhay K.: When I joined the Foreign Service, my first assignment after completing training was to be a Liaison Officer of a former Prime Minister of Indian origin of a Caribbean country who was invited to attend a function in India. He was a very humble, sweet and generous person and I really enjoyed being with him for a few days. Later when I was travelling to London I wrote an email to him unintentionally asking him how he was and he replied immediately and incidentally was in London at that time and invited me to an Indian restaurant for lunch. That time I was just a Third Secretary, basically ‘no one’ in the diplomatic hierarchy. I always think of this sweet memory and get warmed up. On another occasion, the President of a neighbouring country invited me to have ‘khir’ at his palace cooked with the milk of his own cow. That time I was merely a First Secretary. Such sweet memories keep coming back from time to time.

As a poet, to my surprise, when I was editing CAPITALS, an anthology on the capital cities of the world, once I called Derek Walcott and he, himself picked up the phone and spoke to me from St. Lucia and told me he loves eating at the local Indian restaurant there. Poet Mark Strand replied to my email just before succumbing to cancer giving me his permission to include his poem ‘There is no wind in Oslo’ to include in CAPITALS. Later in 2018, to my wildest surprise, I was invited to record my poems at the Library of Congress, Washington DC by Grace Cavalieri in her long running programme The Poet and The Poem. It was a great honour. Traveling to poetry festivals in Wardha, Thimpu, Kathmandu, Nicaragua, Medellin, Santiago, Jaipur, meeting Tracy K. Smith, the poet-laureate of United States in 2018, having long conversations over breakfast with Robert Hass in Washington DC, lunch with Pulitzer Prize winning poet Vijay Seshadri in Brooklyn, New York, bus journey with Simon Armitage, poet –laureate of UK to Amer fort, signing a copy of Bloomsbury Anthology of Great Indian Poems for Pulitzer Prize winning poet Forrest Gander and Nigel Newton, the owner of Bloomsbury Publishers, dinner with Nobel laureate Abhijit Banerjee and William Dalrymple at Sava Haveli, conversations with Ruth Padel, Chris Agee  and Pulitzer Prize winner Benjamin Moser on the sidelines of Jaipur Literature Festival, are some of the memorable moments of my life as a poet , so far, among many others.

Q: How different is the Latin American prose and poetry scene from the ones of the UK and the USA literary scenes?

Abhay K.: Latin America excels in hosting poetry festivals. Both the International Poetry Festival of Nicaragua and the International Poetry Festival in Medellin are world class poetry festivals and are held at the public squares in which people can participate freely. I have not lived in the UK and USA, but most of the literary festivals are paid events for which one has to buy tickets to attend. The UK, USA both have a number of reputed literary magazines, some like Poetry, founded over a hundred years ago and some well-known literary prizes to promote literary culture. Latin America, I think, has a very strong literary culture visible in the writings of Machado de Assis, Neruda, Paz, Marquez, Llosa, Lispector among others.

Q: On translation as an art? On translating the immortal Kalidasa?

Abhay K.: Translation is an art that makes the World Literature possible. Every time a translation happens, the world literature gets enriched. It involves transporting the thoughts, lyricism, images of the original work into a language understood by the target audience. The point of translation is to communicate something valuable which is worth preserving and propagating from one language into another.

Reading and translating works of Kalidasa has been a pure delight and wonder for me. He can be our contemporary. A great eco-poet writing about nature using the trope of love. Even flowers, plants, animals, seasons, rain, rainbow, wind, sun, moon, stars, stones, rivers, mountains among other things animate and inanimate have their own sensual personas and feature prominently in Meghaduta. Kalidada mentions twenty-six different kinds of plants and flowers in Meghaduta such as Mango, Ashoka, Rodhra, various species of Jasmine, Kakubha, Kurbaka, Mandara among others. Women’s physical beauty and sensuality is vividly depicted using the metaphors from the nature—
Your slender limbs Syama-creepers
your glance the doe’s tremulous eyes
your face the moon
your luxuriant hair the peacock’s tail
your eyebrow play the brook’s ripple
O fair one! you alone have all these                   
there is no one like you in this world.        101 Meghaduta

I have translated Meghaduta and Ritusamhara, and feel very happy about it.


Q: Your ultimate dream as a human and an author in a post-truth world of divisions and racial tensions?

Abhay K.: The world was, is and will be full of suffering because we have desires. If we solve one problem, another will arise. Anne Frank wrote—‘Think of all the beauty still left around and you’ll be happy.’ And here is Czeslaw Milosz— ‘My generation was lost. Cities too. And nations./But all this a little later. Meanwhile, in the window, a swallow…/would compose from fragments a world perfect at last.’

My dream is to have a common anthem for our planet—not only for our large human family but for millions of other species with whom we share this beautiful planet. My dream is to have a global poet laureate at UNESCO someday, a poetic voice for the planet. My dream is to leave behind some memorable poems for the coming generations. My dream is that someday rivalries and wars among nations come to an end and we see ourselves as citizens of one planet and devote our energies in addressing real challenges of biodiversity loss, climate change, environmental pollution, global pandemics and rising income inequalities.

Q: The fate of a disenfranchised poet in today's world?  Are they still relevant?

Abhay K.: Poets wield their power with a pen and a blank paper, so I don’t think they are ever disenfranchised. Poet Alicia E. Stallings recently wrote in the Times Literary Supplement—
‘Poetry was around before the alphabet. Poetry is not useful, and it is in every culture. Not only is it not endangered, it will outlast any number of species of living things on the face of earth. It will only perish with our own. I worry about journalism. I don’t worry about poetry.’

Q: How do you view the commercialization of the culture industry, of the arts, the Lit Fests and marginalization of the regional and small-town writers?

Abhay K.: Commercialization of art and culture is a healthy thing if it also benefits the artists, helps them to devote more time to their art. It should be our endeavor to regulate the field of art and culture in a way that artists benefit from it.

The numerous Lit Fest have come up all across the country, including in regional state capitals and smaller towns engaging more and more regional and small town writers. Jayanta Mahapatra is a good example of a fine poet who lives in a small town of Cuttack but his poems are published all across the world. One does not have to live in big cities to make it big in the literary field. It is the power of one’s words that really matter, not where they come from. These days the Internet makes a lot of free material accessible online to even those living in remote villages.

Q: Please share your thoughts on your upcoming poetry book: The Alphabets of Latin America?

Abhay K.:  The Alphabets of Latin America, is a collection of poems I wrote during my travels across Latin America between 2016-2019. Organized alphabetically, they take you on a roller coaster ride to one of the most culturally and geographically fascinating continents in the world, known for its legendary Maya and Inca civilizations, sizzling Samba and Tango dances, the world's biggest carnivals, great writers such as Borges, Marquez, Ruben Dario, Pablo Neruda , Gabriela Mistral, Cesare Vallejo, Octavio Paz, renowned artists such as Frida Kahlo, Fernando Botero, among others, Martian landscape of Atacama desert, Machu Picchu,  the Iguazu Falls, magnificent cities of Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro, Mexico City, Lima among others.
The noted Cuban poet V├нctor Rodr├нguez N├║├▒ez writes –“Latin Americans must be grateful, today and always, to Abhay K. and this fundamental book. Armed with intelligence and sensitivity, with calculation and passion, The Alphabets of Latin America is a love poem that honors us as a society and culture. In these pages, poetry, as a way of thinking and a response to adversity, reaches breadth and mastery, depth and splendor. Our region’s past and present are approached not only as reading but also as experience, with the knowledge of cause and the authenticity of memory. What’s more, in these texts, narrative and lyric, intellectual rigor and formal play, description and reflection happily shake hands. Likewise, identification predominates over differentiation, and an essential link is established between Indians and Latin Americans: “A people, a tribe, a nation is destroyed, / only to reincarnate in another form.”
While Forrest Gander, the winner of Pulitzer Prize for poetry 2019, who knows Latin America very well writes—“The Alphabets of Latin America is welcomingly strong. Abhay K. has a great sense of lineation, of understatement, of memorable, very particular images, and of manuscript structure. I also am moved by the way he can subtly use the elements of a place—the dream vision of Tenochtitlan (which was founded on a dream-vision) or the Borgesian paradox of looking for Borges and finding mirror reflections of the self. I love the way this abecedarian works and shifts between short and longer poems, refreshing our rhythms constantly. Also, it’s such a personal pleasure for me to re-see so many places that I know, through his eyes. It is a very original and thrilling book—a book that opens the borders of time and place, which is what seems so necessary now in this epoch of nationalist entrenchment and paranoia.”

The Alphabets of Latin America is so far my most ambitious poetry collection that tries to capture the beauty and splendor of a whole continent.

Conversations: Two writers on their favourite master: Dickens

Sunil Sharma
Jaydeep Sarangi (JS) and Sunil Sharma (SS), two widely-published poets/critics/ writers, discuss their common idol in this freewheeling literary interview. Excerpts:


JS: Do you find relevance of Dickens as a novelist in the
postcolonial world where things fall apart?

SS: Works are written primarily for your own age and audience. Dickens is no exception. What make him a stand-out literary figure are his uplifting artistic vision, scathing realism, strong moral tenor, social involvement and conscience---things that make him taller than his Victorian literary peers. He provides the best moral critique of a heavily-industrialized society out to colonize the rest of the world on the basis of naked greed for poor colonies and naval power. He exposes, like Baudelaire, the underbelly of such an industrial narrative that tends to benefit only, as Occupy Wall Street Movement claimed in 2011, only 1% of the population by excluding 99% of it, the toiling masses. Dickens punctures the narrative of progress by showing up dark London and its marginalized figures. His work is consistently humanist, liberal in the true sense and pro-poor. He articulates the muted voices of such a progressive society that denies full opportunities of complete growth to the poor folks. He negates the full force of such a progressive claim made by capitalist class regarding the emancipator powers of capitalism as a humane formation, as an advance on earlier societies. Dickens, the writer, shows the darker side of such a social development and denounces it most strongly. He is truly democrat. His sympathies are with the marginalized of a very class-conscious English society. His profound moral vision, memorable characters, gritty realistic portrayal, public engagement and use of media like print magazines for serializing his fictions place him in an enviable vantage position that few writers have come to occupy since. Tolstoy, Hemingway and Marquez come to mind that got the same level of adulation by the reading public and left the same kind of impact as well.

Regarding his enduring relevance to a post-colonial world, well, to me personally, he is still meaningful not only to the culture of the independent countries headed in the direction of global capitalism but to the post-modern, post-structuralist, post-Marxist, and, other post- worlds as well. All these intellectualist discourses by an overfed critical hierarchy operating in the sacrosanct sphere of the academy have one common agenda: To deprive the working classes with right tools of resistance, of correct cognition, of correct mental theorizing. These pseudo attempts are meant to deny the praxis and revolutionary potential of such a scientific praxis. They deliberately paint a depressing picture of the world beyond any hope of change for better. This is not historically true analysis. It is a deliberate distortion. Dickens fought such cynicism, annihilism, pessimism by attacking the ideology of utilitarianism and posited his own artistic version of refreshing and reinvigorating humanism against it through a vivid wide canvas full of believable people and situations. Writer as a subversive emerged strongly in the open day-light that successfully challenged the hegemonic classes and their thoughts and could bring in reforms by awakening the vestigial conscience of a mammon-worshiping society.

This unique moral tone, this ability to see through the lies of so-called narratives of progress and change, this standing up for the rights of the disenfranchised sections, this moral critique of the vampirish system, makes Dickens still very relevant to a society, post-colonial or any other post, that continues to suppress and oppress large silent majority. His enduring popularity and appeal across the globalised world proves this point.

 Dickens stands as a seer. He rubbishes as lies the ideology of capitalism and points out that any society bleakly following the sole agenda of profit is both morally and materialistically doomed. Regeneration is possible through a revival of humanistic philosophy only. He is, will be, valid to every other age that is to come.


JS: Who according to you is the most interesting creation of Dickens?

SS: Scrooge. He stands for any cold, calculating, money-driven, utilitarian age. He speaks for our post-colonial society as well where thingification is happening fast and our souls are shutting up. He is both a victim of utilitarianism and its artistic negation. By listening to the ghosts and believing, he begins changing internally for better. The message is: Seeds are within us. It is up to us to change or not; to grow as a better person by connecting with the larger humanity. For any moral regeneration, personal initiative is to be undertaken. And the joys of such re-connect with the larger humanity are varied and immense for us all. Even in most totalitarian societies, you will find folks like Schindler, helping out other folks. That is a strong message of hope that redemption is always possible through individual metamorphosis. It is said that this delightful novel changed the way Christmas was celebrated in England and, later on, in other nations as well. Christmas as an opportunity of reaching out to the poor and to God through them, of spreading cheer in cheerless lives, of feeling pain and suffering through wonderful human faculty of empathy. It is a great novel with huge emancipator powers, almost sacred, like the scriptures, for me, for its potential to effect deep moral transformations within and without.


JS: When did you read Dickens for the first time in your life?



SS: In school days. That was superficial reading. Deep reading came later on. The teachers did not help, of course. That kind of literacy is still missing in class-rooms everywhere. Literature is taught in a vacuum and most unimaginatively by the teachers who have no clues. No alliances or homologies are made between life and serious literature. It is a vacuous activity. Class-room teaching, in fact, kills the creative potential of great art-works everywhere. Literary literacy needs to be promoted and cultivated in a big way.

JS: Why did Dickens write about children and their hard pressed life?

SS: That you have to ask him only. Humour apart, in my view, kids and women are most vulnerable sections anywhere and most exploited. Childhood preoccupied Dickens, especially deprived one, as his own was very traumatic. Orphans and sick children roam freely his landscapes as they serve as the doubles for his own loveless childhood. He felt betrayed by his mother and that subliminal sense of abandonment gets echoed through creation of disadvantaged children and innocent women being victimized. In a way, innocent women and suffering orphans or abandoned children are identical in Dickensian universe---both often get brutalized and try bravely to retain their innate sense of beauty and innocence in such a lawless cruel bleak world of exploiters and ruthless gangsters and heartless suitors and scheming family male members. In every such unlucky family, a young woman tries bravely to be an angelic force. The portrayal of children is very sympathetically done by Dickens. Some of his shorts dealing with them are very poetic and tender. He appreciates their world much better than some of the current children’s books writers that pander to the marvellous detached from the immediacy and create false worlds of power and magic. Dickens never does that, despite his life-long fascination with the supernatural.
Here is the wonderful paradox: His fictions dealing with the young ones are more magical than the current blockbuster children’s books dealing with the magical in everyday life! Only a great Master can do that: Create magical lands: Lyrical, moving, soft and tender.


JS: Do you like his language?

SS: Language is a vehicle for expressing ideas in a creative way. For a highly prolific writer like Dickens, it serves him well. For some, Dickens might not be the cultivated or careful writers like a Flaubert or Henry James, but for me, he conveys the chatter of the streets so well. The rough and the tumble are captured so artistically by him. In his busy hands, it is not polished language but a passionate language working for him.


JS: What are his strong points as a novelist?

SS: His profound humanism; concern for the deprived; questioning the dominants, and, critical stance. He comes nearest to writer as a prophet for readers like me.


JS: At times Dickens’ characters are lifeless. Do you accept this criticism?

SS: In that case, we have to revise the meaning of the very term lifeless! I do not accept. His characters, after Shakespeare, are immortals!


JS: Will anyone read Dickens in the year 2050?

SS: Crystal-gazing is an art denied to me but as long as there will be an anguished search for a just, human and better world, Dickens will be a topper on the future reading lists of the humanoids.


JS: Is there any counterpart of Dickens in India?

SS: Premchand in Hindi. Manto in Urdu. Bashir in Malayalam. Mahasweta in Bengali. P.L.Deshpande in Marathi. List is endless. These are people’s writers, like Dickens.


JS: Should Dickens be read and studied as socially committed writer?

SS: That is for talented new critics like you to decide. Cannon-formation is these days highly elitist and reflects a bias for those writers that promote private fractured dismal and extremely limited worlds of drug-n-sex abuse, sexual orientations, individual ramblings of a fashionably-sick mind and what not. Dickens, even if outlawed by the dons, will continue to rule the hearts of public---his real readers. He enjoyed good rapport with them and changed his endings as per the public opinion. Such a rapport is missing, almost impossible, these days. Both writers and readers are getting atomized in the commercialized mass society. Literature is losing its ├йlan for us. It is becoming an anguished cry of a neurotic only. These are real Hard Times for us.